The European Parliament has adopted new rules for new genomic techniques (NGTs) for plants, split into NGT-1 and NGT-2 categories with different legal obligations. NGT-2 plants are subject to existing GMO rules. NGTs can be patented, but safeguards ensure affordability and fair access for farmers. The regulations aim to reduce farmer dependency on imports, improve competitiveness, enhance sustainability, and facilitate access to climate and pest-resistant plants with higher yields.